Everything about Paphlagonian Expedition Of The Rus totally explained
The
Paphlagonian expedition of the Rus is documented in the Life of St.
George of Amastris, attributed to
Ignatios the Deacon (ca. 775 - ca. 848). The Life describes the Rus as "the people known to everyone for their barbarity, ferocity, and cruelty". According to the text, they attacked
Propontis (probably aiming for Constantinople) before turning east and raiding
Paphlagonia some time after the death of St. George (ca. 806). When they fell upon the city of
Amastris, the intercession of St. George helped the inhabitants to survive the raid.
Vasily Vasilievsky, who was the first to publish the text in 1893, demonstrated that the attack had happened during the period of
Iconoclasm (before 842).
Constantine Zuckerman dates the invasion to the 830s and interpretes the 839 embassy of the Rus to Constantinople (as recorded in the
Annals of St. Bertin) as their attempt to negotiate a peace treaty. Other scholars believe the raid took place as early as 818 or 819. Occasional sceptics postulate that the description of the invasion was inserted into the Life considerably later, probably in the 10th century, and reflects the situation of that period.
The Rus' were mentioned in some Byzantine sources even before the Paphlagonian expedition. The late medieval Life of St. Stephen of Sugdaea records the invasion led by a certain
Bravlin of the Rus, who supposedly devastated Crimea in the 790s.
Theophanes the Confessor, while describing
Constantine V's expedition against the Bulgars in 773, mentions that he embarked upon the Russian ships (ρουσιάχελάνδιά). This reading has been disputed by some historians, who prefer to follow the medieval Latin translation of Theophanes' work. In this version of the text,
Rosia ("Rus") is replaced with
rubea ("red").
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